HOMEOWNER'S GUIDE- Wastewater Systems  

Cesspools and septic systems can be potential sources of pollutants in groundwater and coastal waters. When these systems fail untreated sewage backups into the home or overflows onto the ground surface. Even when functioning properly, nutrients, bacteria, and viruses can leech into the groundwater. These pollutants will then move through the groundwater and into the coastal water. This can cause algal blooms, ecosystem disruption, and health hazards.

Here are some things you can do to maintain a healthy waste disposal system:

• Do not put grease down the drain. Grease is the primary cause of raw sewage spills. It can also cause cesspool and septic systems to fail;
• Reduce garbage disposal usage. Try a composting system or simply use the trash instead. Putting it into the wastewater system burdens the treatment process;
• Avoid soaps and detergents with phosphates. Phosphates increase the chance of nuisance algal growth in ground and coastal waters. There are many alternatives available;
• Dispose of household chemicals properly. These chemicals will interfere with the treatment process in your wastewater management systems. Most of the cleaning agents, detergents, and sprays in your home contain toxic chemicals. Many of these chemicals can be harmful to people in your home and in the environment after they are released. Look for non-toxic alternatives and dispose of chemicals properly;
• Maintain your cesspool or septic system. Monitor your system yearly and have it pumped every 3 to 5 years.
  
  Photographs: Robert Shallenberger, Doug Sell and Andrew Walsh.